Igeometry Podcast

In this episode of the backend engineering show I’ll discuss Fill Factor index property, an important key parameter for a good performing database. I will also discuss how it is a double edge sword and can break or Make your db. Chapters 0:00 Intro 1:48 Start of the Show 4:30 Database Storage Representation 6:30 IO Cost 10:00 Index Page 13:30 Page Splits Cost 18:00 Indexing UUIDs 19:45 FillFactor 23:15 Bad FillFactor values 26:40 Fragmentation In Indexes 30:30 Summary Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com Fundamentals of Database Engineering udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://database.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this video I discuss early hints HTTP 103 status code, the problem it solves and the challenges it has. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

YugabyteDB is a postgres compatible and cloud native database. Read committed isolation level is a critical feature and adding it might lure more postgres customer’s to move to the cloud native database. But will they compete in front of Google’s new AlloyDB ?    0:00 Yogabyte implements Read committed 4:20 Isolation Levels 8:40 Can YugabyteDB compete with Google AlloyDB?   https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/28/yugabytedb_215/ https://docs.yugabyte.com/preview/architecture/transactions/explicit-locking/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com Transport Layer security or TLS is a protocol that encrypted the communication between client and server. TLS can also be used to authenticate the server, when the client also requires authentication this is called Mutual TLS and this is the topic of today’s show. 0:00 Introduction 2:00 What is TLS? 7:00 Server Authentication TLS 14:00 Advantages of one way TLS 19:44 Disadvantages of one way TLS 29:00 mTLS 31:00 Advantages of MTLS 37:00 The Problems of mTLS 43:00 Summary and my Thoughts --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this episode we go through the cloud flare outage blog.  https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-outage-on-june-21-2022/ Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this episode of the backend engineering show I go through the Extensible Prioritization Scheme for HTTP. This RFC addresses the problem in HTTP where the client prefers certain requests to be served before others. This RFC was designed by Lucas Pardue from Cloudflare and Kazoo Oku from Fastly.   0:00 The Request Priority Problem  13:00 How RFC 9218 addresses the problem 25:00 HTTP/1.x Backends 32:00 Summary  RFC 9218 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9218/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this video I explain what is a zero day vulnerability or attack.   Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

IPv4 UniCast Extensions Project attempts to unreserve old IPv4 subnets so they are publicly addressable. Is it worth it? Let us discuss  https://blog.apnic.net/2022/05/31/cutting-down-on-ip-address-waste/Unicast Use of the Formerly Reserved 127/8 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-127/ Unicast Use of the Lowest Address in an IPv4 Subnet https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-lowest-address/   Unicast Use of the Formerly Reserved 240/4 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-240/   Unicast Use of the Formerly Reserved 0/8 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-0/ https://twitter.com/TheRealRevK/status/1532033651650830339   Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

Fantastic gains in Postgres 15! improved sorting by 371%. Normally you can avoid sorting by using an index access path. However, you can’t always have an index on every group by, order by, join or distinct predict. This will come handy. Let us discuss Resources https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=PostgreSQL-15-Faster-Sort https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-database-for-postgresql/speeding-up-sort-performance-in-postgres-15/ba-p/3396953#change3 https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/release-15.html#id-1.11.6.5.4 https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/sql-server-blog/understanding-sql-server-fast-forward-server-cursors/ba-p/383556 --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this episode of the backend engineering show I discuss UDP hole punching in details.  Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

As a new parent, you get exposed to a whole new world. There is this new toddler song “Five little monkeys jumping on the bed” where it starts with five monkeys jumping on the bed and one falls off the bed and the mom calls the doctor and then another monkey falls and the mom calls the doctor again. This keeps going until all monkeys are no longer on the bed. This clearly looks like a software engineering problem. In the face of it is extreme inefficiency in IO with the mom calling the doctor 5 times in span of 3 minutes. The mom could decide to wait for all monkeys to fall and call the doctor once. A Method that is known as batching. Two problems with this approach; the first is latency the mom can’t wait, she is worried, she needs immediate answer from the doctor for the first monkey that fell. The second problem is we don’t know if more monkeys are going to fall off the bed, so while the mom waiting, the first monkey will be in pain and will “starve”. We makes decisions like this constantly in software eng

Eric Dumazet, a Linux kernel and a Google Principal software engineer pushed a new change to Linux to support a new feature in Linux called BIg TCP. How about we discuss this  resources https://www.phoronix.com/forums/forum/software/general-linux-open-source/1325637-linux-5-19-networking-brings-big-improvements-with-big-tcp-purelifi-more-hardware https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/netdevbpf/patch/20220524203159.1189780-1-kuba@kernel.org/https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2675 --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

Database logging is a critical feature to maintain durability, in this show I discuss them in details   0:00 intro 1:00 ad 3:30 Start of the Show 6:00 What is commit 9:30 What if a commit fails half way 11:00 WAL 23:00 Checkpointing 27:00 fsync 33:00 Undo logs Get $20 off of your first order of cometeer quality delicious coffee https://cometeer.com/husseinnasser use coupon HUSSEIN20 ☕️ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this video I discuss the developer mental health, stress, pressure, expectation, how to understand and shed light on the issues, and what might cause it all.  Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this video I explain how we can use two-phase commit protocol works to achieve atomic distributed transaction.   0:00 What is atomicity  3:00 Distributed Transaction 6:00 Two phase commit protocol 13:00 Limitations of Two phase commit protocol    Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com Fundamentals of Database Engineering udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://database.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

Welcome to another database question. In this question I created a community poll question and provided some answers. All answers can be correct of course but the question is what is the most efficient? this is what I try to explore in this video and compare how different database platforms such as mysql or Postgres differ in those implementations; Table T with three integer fields A, B and C. A has a primary key clustered index. B has a secondary index. Which query is more likely to be the most efficient? 0:00 Intro 1:00 The Question 3:20 WHERE C BETWEEN 50,50000 5:30 WHERE B BETWEEN 50,50000 13:20 WHERE C BETWEEN 50,50000 Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com Fundamentals of Database Engineering udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://database.husseinnasser.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

WhatsApp Went down again, this is an early report with brief analysis, enjoy.   https://engineering.fb.com/2020/10/21/networking-traffic/how-facebook-is-bringing-quic-to-billions/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

DNS or Domain Name System, despite its drawbacks, is brilliantly designed for scale. We can learn few lessons from this protocol especially when designing our own apps. This episode of the backend engineering show I go through how DNS works, the pros and the cons and attacks that happened on this system. 0:00 Intro 2:00 Overview DNS 7:40 How DNS works (Details) 15:44 DNS uses UDP 19:30 DNS Poisoning 24:10 is DNS really distributed? 26:30 How Attackers Abuse DNS 30:30 How Chrome overloaded the ROOT servers for 12 years Resources https://blog.apnic.net/2020/08/21/chromiums-impact-on-root-dns-traffic/ https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/what-is-dns/ https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/dns-cache-poisoning/ https://blog.cloudflare.com/sad-dns-explained/ https://medium.com/@alex.birsan/dependency-confusion-4a5d60fec610 Fundamentals of Networking for Effective Backends udemy course (link redirects to udemy with coupon) https://network.husseinnasser.com Fundamentals of Database Engineering udemy course (link

In this episode of the backend engineering show we discuss the Internet Protocol. A beautiful, elegant protocol that made the Internet possible. We discuss why we need an IP address, how routing is done and how VPNs take advantage of the agnostic nature to encrypt traffic --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support

In this episode of the backend engineering show we discuss an article written by the Forem team illustarting a bug they recently fixed in their caching layers. They go into good level of details explaining the 3 levels of caching that they have. I go through this article in this episode and give my opinion at the end as to why we shouldn’t really cache unless we need to. Enjoy 0:00 Intro 1:00 Three level of caching summary 7:39 Edge Caching 8:30 Backend Rails Caching 10:30 Database Caching 15:00 Understand why you Cache Article https://dev.to/devteam/the-three-caches-of-forem-492p --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hnasr/support