Stuff You Missed In History Class

John Jacob Astor came to the U.S. from Germany not long after the colonies gained their independence as a nation. He made his first fortune in the fur trade, and then diversified his income and built a legendary fortune. Research: Irving, Washington. “Astoria, Or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains.” G.P. Putnams Sons. 1861. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Astoria/DAzBRmfcZloC?hl=en&gbpv=0 “ROMANCE OF THE HISTORIC EDEN FARM OWNED BY ASTOR FAMILY SINCE 1803.” New York Times. Feb. 29, 1920. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/02/29/118265256.html?pageNumber=80 Shachtman, Tom. “The Founding Fortunes: How the Wealthy Paid for and Profited from America's Revolution.” St. Martin's Press. 2020. “John Jay’s Treaty, 1794–95.” U.S. Department of State. Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/jay-treaty Youngman, Anna. “The Fortune of John Jacob Astor.” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 16, no. 6, 1908, pp. 345–68. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/s

Today’s six impossible episode subjects are all by listener request! Topics include the Iron Mountain baby, Leslie’s Retreat, Lady Hao, Ella Williams, and more. And these are examples of how short tales can sometimes have intense details. Research: “Tale of The Iron Mountain Baby.” Reprinted from the St. Louis Iron Mountain & Southern Railway ALL ABOARD Vol.16. https://washington.mogenweb.org/imbaby.html Dotson, Avery M. Pennsboro News, Pennsboro, West Virginia, August 21, 1980. https://washington.mogenweb.org/imbaby.html Nickell, Frank. “Almost Yesterday: The Iron Mountain Baby.” KRCU. 4/6/2021. https://www.krcu.org/2021-04-06/almost-yesterday-the-iron-mountain-baby Max Hunter Folk Song Collection. “Iron Mountain Baby.” Cat. #1483 (MFH #296) - As sung by Laura Arthur, Springfield, Missouri on November 2, 1972. Missouri State. https://maxhunter.missouristate.edu/songinformation.aspx?ID=1483 Historic Ipswich. “Leslie’s Retreat, or how the Revolutionary War almost began in Salem, February 26, 1775.” 2/13/

In this 2011 episode, previous hosts Sarah and Deblina recount some of history's most famous fires, Including the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Fire of London, the Great Fire of Meireki, and the Great San Francisco Earthquake and Fire.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss food safety in their own lives, and particularly their comfort levels with various risks. They also discuss the different pronunciations of the name Louis, and Wain's progression as an artist. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Louis Wain’s cat-centric art was extremely popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and some of his later work became an inspiration for the psychedelic movement of the 1960s. Research: Beetles, Chris. “Louis Wain’s Cats.” Chris Beetles and Canongate Books. 2011, 2021. Benge-Abbott, Bryony. “Louis Wain’s Cryptic Cats.” Wellcome Collection. 5/19/2020. https://wellcomecollection.org/articles/Xrqh1BAAACMAhHcl Bethlem Museum of the Mind. “Louis Wain (1860-1939).” https://museumofthemind.org.uk/collections/gallery/artists/louis-william-wain Brill, Marta Wiktoria. “Louis Wain and His Weird Cats.” Daily Art Magazine. 8/8/2022. https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/louis-wain-cats/ Dale, Rodney. “Louis Wain: The Man Who Drew Cats.” Michael O’Mara Books Limited. 1968, 1991. Damiani, Stefano. “The Cats of Louis Wain: A Thousand Ways to Draw One’s Mind.” American Journal of Psychiatry 175:4, April 2018. Henry Boxer Gallery. “Louis Wain.” https://www.outsiderart.co.uk/artists/louis-wain Hibbard, Ruth. “‘Paw-some’ c

The development of a systematic approach to food safety didn’t happen until the 20th century. And it's tied directly to NASA trying to make sure astronauts didn’t get food poisoning in space. Research: Cronk, Theodore C. “The Historic Evolution of HACCP: Better Questions, Safer Foods.” Food and Drug Law Journal , 1994, Vol. 49, No. 3 (1994). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26659230 DiCicco, Mike. “How the Moon Landing Led to Safer Food for Everyone.” NASA Spinoff. 11/23/2020. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/moon-landing-food-safety Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. “Understanding Codex.” Rome. 2018. https://www.fao.org/3/CA1176EN/ca1176en.pdf Fortin, Neal D. “The Hang-Up With HACCP: The Resistance to Translating Science Into Food Safety Law.” Food and Drug Law Journal , 2003, Vol. 58, No. 4 (2003). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26660309 Hulebak,, Karen L. and Wayne Schlosser. “HACCP History and Conceptual Overview.” U.S. Department of Agriculture Institute

This early 2017 episode covers Ed Roberts, a disability rights activist known as the father of the Independent Living movement.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about Charles Drew’s marriage and the impact of the early HIV/AIDS crisis on blood donation. They also discuss all the aspects of the Chatterley story that didn’t make it into the episode.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Thirty years after D.H. Lawrence died, his book "Lady Chatterley's Lover," which had been banned for decades in many countries, was central to a trial in Great Britain over whether the novel was obscenity or whether it had literary merit. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Obscene Publications Act". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Apr. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/event/Obscene-Publications-Act Delavenay, Emile. “A SHRINE WITHOUT RELICS?” The D.H. Lawrence Review, vol. 16, no. 2, 1983, pp. 111–31. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44233723. Rothman, Lily. “How a Book Reminded the World That Sex Sells.” Time. Nov. 2, 2015. https://time.com/4087851/lady-chatterleys-lover-1960/ Temple, Emily. “Why exactly is this book obscene? (Skip to the Dirty Bits.)” Literary Hub. Nov. 22, 2017. https://lithub.com/why-exactly-is-this-book-obscene-skip-to-the-dirty-bits/ com Editors. “D.H. Lawrence Biography.” https://www.biography.com/writer/dh-lawrence Booth, Howard J. “D. H. Lawrence and Male Homosexual

Dr. Charles Drew was once described as “one of the most constructively active figures in the medical profession.” His work as a key figure in the development of blood banking continues to impact lives today, long after his tragic death.  Research: "Charles R. Drew." Notable Black American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1622000127/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3948f072. Accessed 21 Oct. 2022. "Drew, Charles Richard (1904-1950)." Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale, 1998. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A148418612/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a6aa993c. Accessed 21 Oct. 2022. “Charles Richard Drew.” https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/african-americans-in-sciences/charles-richard-drew.html Biswas, Saptarshi and Dannie Perdomo. “Charles Drew: An extraordinary life.” CC2017 Poster Competition. https://www.facs.org/media/u3xhtqz0/01_charles_drew.pdf Cobb, W

This 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers some of the performers he worked with, including General Tom Thumb. Swedish singer Jenny Lind, and his biggest act, Jumbo the Elephant. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about why Robert-Houdin has been lauded as the father of modern magic. They also discuss dangerous aspects of his work, and the lack of nuance in stories about his Algerian performances.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

After the 1844 Paris expo, Robert-Houdin turned his efforts to creating his own stage show. He created automata tricks that still delight today, and quickly became a very famous magician. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Eugene-Robert-Houdin “How to Do the Classic Cups & Balls Trick.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVXNCMdKs-Y&t=124s “ROBERT-HOUDIN TRIPLE MYSTERY CLOCK.” JACQUES NÈVE HORLOGER D'ART. https://www.horloger.net/purchase-sales/mystery-clocks/74-robert-houdin-triple-mystery-clock/ Robert-Houdin, Jean-Eugène. “Memoirs of Robert-Houdin : ambassador, author, and conjurer.” Geo. G. Evans. Philadelphia. 1859. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42916/42916-h/42916-h.htm Evans, Henry Ridgely (2010) "Robert-Houdin. Conjuror, Author, and Ambassador.," The Open Court: Vol. 1903 : Iss. 12 , Article 3. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ocj/vol1903/iss12/3 “Houdin and the Arabs.” Sci

Robert-Houdin was the magician that Houdini named himself after, his story is hard to pin down, because even his own memoir is written to be entertaining, not accurate. Part one covers his early life, marriages, and beginnings in magic.  Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Eugene-Robert-Houdin “How to Do the Classic Cups & Balls Trick.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVXNCMdKs-Y&t=124s “ROBERT-HOUDIN TRIPLE MYSTERY CLOCK.” JACQUES NÈVE HORLOGER D'ART. https://www.horloger.net/purchase-sales/mystery-clocks/74-robert-houdin-triple-mystery-clock/ Robert-Houdin, Jean-Eugène. “Memoirs of Robert-Houdin : ambassador, author, and conjurer.” Geo. G. Evans. Philadelphia. 1859. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42916/42916-h/42916-h.htm Evans, Henry Ridgely (2010) "Robert-Houdin. Conjuror, Author, and Ambassador.," The Open Court: Vol. 1903 : Iss. 12 , Article 3. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.e

This 2012 episode from prior hosts Sarah and Deblina covers P.T. Barnum the circus man, museum entrepreneur, and freak show runner. Barnum attracted people to his American Museum through shrewd advertising, and he wasn't afraid of a hoax.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about how the Mancini sisters episode shifted focus as Tracy was researching it, and divorce not being an option in France during their lifetimes. They also talk about the inconsistent details of accounts of the Cocoanut Grove fire.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The tragedy at Boston’s Cocoanut Grove in 1942 is still the deadliest nightclub fire in history. The cause of the fire is still unknown; in its wake, advancements were made in fire safety and medical treatments for burn victims. Research: Boston Public Library. “Great Fires of Boston: November 28, 1942.” 12/20/2021. https://guides.bpl.org/bostonfires/cocoanutgrove National Fire Protection Association. “The Cocoanut Grove Fire.” https://www.nfpa.org/Public-Education/Staying-safe/Safety-in-living-and-entertainment-spaces/Nightclubs-assembly-occupancies/The-Cocoanut-Grove-fire LeBlanc, Steve and Bob Salsberg. “Worst US nightclub fire influences safety codes, burn care.” 11/28/2017. https://apnews.com/article/cd1e3a85b05e4d65bbd85fdf130f142e Illinois Library. “Major American Fires: Cocoanut Grove Fire.” 8/19/2022. https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=348303&p=2346975 Boston Fire Historical Society. “The Story of the Cocoanut Grove Fire.” https://bostonfirehistory.org/the-story-of-the-cocoanut-grove-fi

Hortense and Marie Mancini tried to make a place for themselves in 17th-century Europe, defying all kinds of conventions along the way. Their lives were full of adventure and daring, but they were also both stuck in abusive marriages.   Research: "Jules Mazarin." Historic World Leaders, edited by Anne Commire, Gale, 1994. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1616000407/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=68d5e2f8. Accessed 11 Oct. 2022. "When lesbian passions stirred at court." Times [London, England], 7 Feb. 2019, p. 3. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A572957931/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=8ab9535e. Accessed 11 Oct. 2022. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Mancini sisters". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Dec. 2015, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mancini-sisters. Accessed 12 October 2022. Esslemont, Chloe. “Keeping up with the Mazarinettes.” Art UK. 1/17/2019. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/keeping-up-with-the-mazarinettes

This 2019 episode covers a woman who was the Spanish empire's most widely published poet of her time. Her work has survived until today, but not her own thoughts about much of her life.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about animated shows, camping, and the items that didn't make it into the most recent Unearthed! episode. They then discuss the legacy of Pauline Johnson, and criticisms of her work that perceive it as inauthentic.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.